Symptom
Most likely cause
Fix
Pressure dew point climbing above the dryer's rated PDP
Desiccant media is contaminated (most common — liquid water or oil from inadequate pre-filtration), OR desiccant is exhausted at end of service life, OR the switching cycle is too long for the actual flow, OR demand exceeds dryer capacity.
Verify the coalescing pre-filter is installed, correctly sized, and its drain is functional. Inspect the desiccant media — wet, soft, or color-lost (indicator media) means contaminated and replace. If demand has grown beyond rated flow, upsize the dryer. Premature media failure with proper pre-filtration almost always traces to oil carryover — quote an activated carbon filter as the long-term fix.
Pressure drop across the dryer over 5 PSI
Desiccant media has fragmented and packed down (end of life or mechanical damage from rapid switching), OR coalescing pre-filter is fouled and pushing drop into the dryer, OR particulate after-filter is plugged with desiccant dust.
Measure drop across each component separately to isolate. Drop across the desiccant beds → replace media. Drop across the pre-filter → replace element. Drop across the after-filter → replace element AND inspect desiccant (heavy dust loading indicates the desiccant is fragmenting prematurely, usually contamination-driven).
Towers not switching on the timed cycle
Solenoid switching valve has failed (most common — these cycle constantly and have a finite life), OR controller has lost programming, OR the pneumatic actuator on the switching valves has lost air supply.
Listen at switching time — proper switch produces an audible thunk and a brief purge discharge. Silent = switching valve failed, replace per OEM. Dark controller display = check control voltage and reload programming. Failing actuator stroke = verify pilot air supply to the actuator.
Audible purge is continuous instead of intermittent (heatless units)
Purge orifice has failed open (most common), purge valve is stuck open, or the switching cycle is set to constant-purge mode (rare — usually a controller fault).
Isolate the purge line — if purge stops, the orifice or valve is the problem; replace the purge valve assembly. Continuous purge can waste 30-50% of compressor output and presents as "the compressor runs constantly but pressure is low" — customer may complain about the compressor before connecting it to the dryer.
Heater not coming on during regeneration (heated-purge units)
Heater element has failed (very common after 3-5 years), heater contactor has welded open, thermostat is out of calibration, or upstream electrical supply is wrong voltage / wrong phase.
Measure heater current with an amp clamp during regen — zero current with the contactor energized means a failed element. Replace per OEM. If the contactor doesn't energize, check controller output and thermostat. Wrong voltage / wrong phase at install can also burn out heaters early.
Desiccant dust appearing in downstream equipment
After-filter is missing, undersized, or its element has failed. Less commonly, desiccant is fragmenting prematurely (oil/water contamination, or switching cycle too fast).
Verify a 1-micron particulate after-filter is installed; add if missing. If installed, inspect the element — collapsed elements pass dust. Heavy dust loading indicates premature desiccant breakdown — pull a desiccant sample. Replace media if fragmented; address upstream contamination to prevent recurrence.